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Criminal justice research benefits society, the practitioner, and you as a student in many ways. The research provides a base of learning competencies regarding various criminal justice research methods and statistics related to criminology and crime, crime control, justice, and policy-making decisions.

As a student of criminal justice, you will be exposed to various practical research endeavors and designs in all areas of the criminal justice system. You will learn a variety of research methods and designs related to criminal justice statistics. Understanding criminal justice research will help you develop practical, critical, analytical, and thinking skills, both as an interpreter and user of criminal justice research and policy decision making.

Tasks:

• Access the databases of articles from each of the following websites:
1. National Institute of Justice Data Collections
2. National Criminal Justice Reference Service Databases
• Review the databases for a topic that interests you and select one article for review and comment. Be sure to select an article that describes research pertinent to the criminal justice system.

in a minimum of 250 words, post to the Discussion Area your response to the following:

• Discuss the researcher’s findings in the article you selected.
• What was the purpose of the study?
• Who was the audience for this study?
• What were the conclusions?
• What research methods were used to obtain these conclusions? Was it a qualitative or quantitative approach?
• Did the researchers use individual or aggregate data? Was it a cross sectional or a longitudinal study?
• What is the impact of the study? Will it impact a specific agency or was it an informational study?

There are different categories of weapons of mass effect—chemicals, biological pathogens and toxins, radioactive materials, nuclear devices, and nonconventional high-yield explosives. Out of these, biological weapons are used in a terrorism type called bioterrorism. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), there are the six focus areas for preparedness and response to bioterrorism and other outbreaks that are detrimental to public health.

On the basis of your understanding of the topic of bioterrorism and our preparedness to handle the health services requirement during any such attack, answer the following questions:

• Which of the categories of weapons of mass effect is the healthcare industry most prepared to deal with? Why? Provide a factual basis for choosing the particular category of weapons. Which of these categories is the healthcare industry least prepared to deal with? Why?
• What are the six focus areas, for preparedness and response to bioterrorism and other outbreaks, covered in your course textbook? Are these focus areas still relevant? Why or why not?
• Research and explain the meaning of each focus area. Which focus area is the most important and why?
• Which focus area would be the most challenging? And why?
• Why is communication an important variable within calming fears and suppressing rumors?

Preparing for a bioterrorist attack presents unique challenges in the United States. There are no real wide-scale events you can study to prepare for a bioterrorist attack. In the absence of this experiential knowledge, training exercises are often used. Answer the following questions regarding the training exercises for preparation for bioterrorist attack:

• Why are training exercises important in planning for a bioterrorist attack? How would you use training exercises to help prepare the staff of a hospital from a bioterrorist attack?
• What are the benefits of real-life training scenarios involving multiple agencies?
• Using the Internet, research on Amtrak’s “Operation Rail Safe” program. Would hospitals and medical centers benefit from a program of this nature to aid in their preparation?

Triage is a process developed by the military to cope with large number of victims of combat or disaster situations. In many disaster situations, it becomes necessary to triage patients in order to assess their medical needs and decide how to allocate the resources and staff available to treat the incoming patients. Using the Internet, research on nerve agent “sarin” and answer the following questions in regard to the above process:

• What criteria would you use in the emergency room to triage patients with potential exposure to the nerve agent sarin?
• How would you classify the incoming patients when triaging them? Why?

You are the chief executive officer (CEO) of a major hospital. A bioterrorist attack just occurred in your city. The ICS has been activated. Despite the infusion of this additional money provided by the government after the event of September 11, 2001, to the healthcare industry, in an effort to prepare the industry for a possible bioterrorist attack, some people feel that the healthcare industry in US is still unprepared for a bioterrorist attack. As a CEO, you need to assess the situation and prepare your hospital to deal with the situation.

Answer the following questions keeping in mind the above information:

• Why is the use of an ICS in a hospital important when dealing with a bioterrorist attack? What are the most challenging issues associated with using an ICS in a hospital? Why?
• As a healthcare administrator, how would you allocate money and why? How prepared do you think the healthcare industry is to handle a bioterrorist attack? Why or why not?

Your review should be of at least 7- to 8-page Microsoft Word document, not counting the cover page or the reference page.

Support your responses with reasoning and examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

***ZERO PLAGIARISM, INCLUDE REFERENCES AND APA FORMAT PLEASE***

Case Study: Application of Environmental Management Concepts:

As part of your authentic assessments, you will choose a case study on which to reflect and apply your knowledge of environmental management.

You may choose one of the following:

• Events that led to the Cuyahoga River fires in 1969 up to the present
• Mono Lake, from the 1940’s to the present
• Donora, Pennsylvania, from the 1940’s to the present

You may also choose your own case study if you want, but you must obtain approval from me.

Your case study should provide the following:

Prepare: Prior to beginning your reflection this week, read chapters 5, 6, and 7 in American Government. Review the videos, Episode I – A More Perfect Union and Episode II – It’s a Free Country regarding the U.S. Constitution.

Reflect: The executive and judicial branches of the U.S. national government often seem to operate independently and with little conflict. Many laws are signed by the President and then implemented without a word from the judicial branch. However, there are times when executive decisions are challenged by the judicial branch in a process called judicial review. In addition, there are times when a judicial review has direct impact on your life. For example, when the Supreme Court declared the Affordable Care Act constitutional, many people without health care insurance were finally able to purchase health care insurance. Additionally, when the Supreme Court declared sections of the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional, some of the constraints that prevented many gay and lesbian couples from marrying were eliminated. Executive Order 13658 on February 20, 2014 also had a direct impact on many business people that contract with the federal government by increasing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour. Clearly, the actions of the executive and judicial branches often directly affect our lives.

Write: In your initial post, explain how and why the actions of the executive and/or judicial branches have personally affected your life. Fully respond to all parts of the question. Write in your own words. Support your position with APA citations to two or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion. Fully respond to all parts of the prompt and write your response in your own words. Your initial post must be 200 to 250 words. Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.