APA Format and Work Cited Please!

1. Tell the the main question (thesis) for your exploratory essay. AGAIN

2. Pick 2 MORE/DIFFERENT Peer-Review Journal Articles that you think will contribute interesting information to your main question.

3. For each article:

a. Introduce the article: give the author, title, publication, date, and other relevant information.

b. Summarize the WHOLE article; what is the main point or argument that the author is making?

c. Discuss your reaction to the article: why is it interesting, how does this information affect your main question, why do you think this source is reliable? etc.

d. What questions do you have now? What do you want to find out more about now that you have this information? Now introduce article #2. Why do you think this article will give you even more information. This is where you can write some personal introspection on how the source helped you, allowed you to think differently about the problem, or even fell short of your expectations and led you in a new direction in your research, which forms a transition into your next source. 

Repeat steps 3 a,b,c,d with the second article.

Instructions:

Here is sample essay of the section 3a,b,c,d.

QUESTION: It is said that “the measure of the worth of a society is how it treats its weakest and most vulnerable citizens” (Sizer). This perception can be related to the prevalence of youth homelessness in America. How then has this been occurring in the wealthiest nation in history?

           

            Using the FIU database, I located a particularly useful overview from the National Alliance to End Homelessness. In a section titled “Causes of Youth Homelessness,” it first stated that the “same factors that contribute to adult homelessness such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, low education levels, unemployment, mental health, and substance abuse issues, can also play a role in the occurrence and duration of a youth’s homelessness.” These were good points that brought up questions in regards to parent-youth relationships and some of the long-term effects, which I decided to come back to later. Furthermore, it said that beyond these factors, “the phenomenon of youth homelessness is largely a reflection of family dysfunction and breakdown, specifically familial conflict, abuse, and disruption,” which I agreed with. Though the article did not specify further, some types of conflicts that came to mind were disputes over risky behavior such as promiscuity, opposing views on discipline, and sexual orientation. When it comes to domestic abuse there are many layers including physical, emotional, sexual, and mental that, along with the conflicts, leads to the deterioration of families. The brief continued to say that youth usually enter a state of homelessness as a result of running away from home- which the desire and reaction of escaping from these predicaments is understandable- or from being abandoned by their guardians. Additionally, it stated that family conflict is “more critical for youth than adults since they are, by virtue of their developmental stage in life, still largely financially, emotionally, and, depending on their age, legally dependent upon their families.”

           

            This information confirmed some of my previous knowledge on the subject of youth and families, but what about other types of influence. What about the system? Being released from institutional or other state care can be another cause of youth homelessness. For instance, foster care and juvenile correction facilities. I decided to next look at how the transition from foster care involve and represent the homeless youth population. In an article from the Child Welfare League of America, it stated that approximately 20,000 to 25,000 young people [16 and older] age out of the foster care system each year, meaning they are released due to their turning of age. I began to wonder how hopeless most of these youth must feel, knowing that they will have to fend for themselves. They are entering society after subsisting in a lifestyle where there has been a significant lack of nurture. Won’t this inhibit them in their reintegration into society? These individuals are frequently moved in and out of homes and they were placed in the foster care system because of parent abuse or neglect in the first place. With few social skills gained and resources available, these youth don’t have many options. Consequently, when they age out they face challenges such as homelessness. “Twenty-five percent of former foster youth nationwide reported that they had been homeless at least one night within two-and-a-half to four years after exiting foster care” (National Alliance to End Homelessness). The traumatic experiences before and after becoming homeless, will have long-lasting impressions throughout the course of their lives.

This discussion addresses the following outcomes:

• Examine the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution and consider their impact on American politics and society (CO#4, CO#5).
• Speculate on the impact of Reconstruction’s failure for African Americans into the late nineteenth century (CO#3, CO#5, CO#6/Gen. Ed. Outcome 4.2).

When the Civil War ended in 1865, the federal government made a conscious effort to establish the status of former slaves (freemen and women) and to integrate black Americans into the political mainstream. To assure this process, the United States passed the Thirteenth (1865) and Fourteenth Amendments (1868). In addition, the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) ensured voting rights for black men. The Reconstruction period lasted until 1877 but its impact continued well after that.

In preparation for our discussion be sure to read the Module Notes, Chapter 15: “Reconstruction (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.” in The American Yawp, and Grimsley, M. (2012), Wars for the American South: The First and Second Reconstructions Considered as Insurgencies (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..  In addition, consult the following primary sources: Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.(1865), Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (1868), Fifteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (1870).

Using the primary and secondary sources above as evidence, consider the following in a post of at least 250 words:

• What were the reasons for the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, and what were Amendments’ impacts on American history?
• Why and how did Reconstruction fail to protect the rights of black Americans? How did this failure continue to shape American politics and social relations afterward?

Then, over the course of the week, respond to the posts of at least two of your classmates.

Your initial post is due by Thursday at 11:59PM. Your responses are due by Sunday at 11:59PM.

Consult the Discussion Posting Guide for information about writing your discussion posts. It is recommended that you write your post in a document first. Check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors. When you are ready to make your initial post, click on “Reply.” Then copy/paste the text into the message field, and click “Post Reply.” This is a “post first” discussion forum. You must submit your initial post before you can view other students’ posts.

To respond to a peer, click “Reply” beneath her or his post and continue as with an initial post.

Evaluation

This discussion will be graded using a rubric. Please review this rubric prior to beginning your work. View the rubric by clicking on the gear icon  at the top right side of this page or on the Course Rubrics page within the Start Here module. All discussions combined are worth 20% of your final course grade.

   PLEASE READ AND ANSWER ALL THE  QUESTIONS

We often hear people talk of their rights, but rarely do I hear someone speaking who could actually explain from where these “rights” are emanating. 

Often we hear “I know my rights” and most often that person might have the vaguest grasp of what is contained within the Constitution.  But now let us explore the SOURCE of these unalienable rights. Do you think it is the Bill of Rights (BoR)? 

Does the BoR spell out to the people what rights are being granted and is this the source of these rights?

What “rights” are given specifically to the people in any of the first ten amendments of the U. S. Constitution? 

Do the words actually say, or can you prove it was the intent of the writers, that these ten phrases are speaking to the people, or are they directed possibly someone else?

We would know which are rights granted here in the document, by reading the words of the Bill of Rights and observing if any of them speak to “the people” and say “you get this right that is specifically named here”.   Shall we look to see how many there are actually being granted by this part of the document? and how many are assumed but not explicitly enumerated?

Is there a right found here?  Read it carefully before responding

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Is there a right granted here? Carefully read because it doesn’t say way what you may think. The instruction, the take away, the writing was not directed at the people was it?

A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

This one doesn’t read like a Right as much as it does a rule about what the government may not do, as restriction on power, not and extension or granting of a right to the people.  Seems like the rights are assumed and that this document was just a list of the 10 most troubling things the founders were concerned about while forming a new government.

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Pretty sure this one was written to the government about what they cannot do to the people. Not written to the people talking about a right.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

This one is laundry list of what the government may not do to a person:

1. No secret indictments;   1.5 Allowing for temporary suspension of that restriction during times of war or public danger (see Lincoln who suspended Habeas Corpus during one such time);
2. No Double Jeopardy—which may sound like a right but really limits the powers of the prosecution.
3. You cannot make me testify against myself? Sounds like what the government cannot do. I could testify against myself if I wanted to, but cannot be compelled by the State to do so;
4. The state cannot take my stuff, my freedom or my life, unless they can do so through a process of law;
5. The State cannot take my stuff for public use unless I have been justly compensated. Again, state cannot . . . 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

The State cannot:

• Leave      me hanging indefinitely in jail,
• Cook      up a bunch of people who will convict me without Due Process;
• Get      people from another place to judge me, only from within my “area”;

The State must  give fair and full warning of the charge and reason for such charge—they cannot ambush me in a prosecution;

The State must produce those who accuse me, they cannot accuse and hide;

The State must use resources to assist me in producing people who may have information;

The State must allow me to have legal assistance, BUT does not say they have to provide it in the event that I cannot afford it

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

This one is a civil matter, but provide a venue for redress that the State must provide for matter over 20 dollars—they must provide the court, the jury, and adhere to both the process and the ruling of said jury.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

This one says the State cannot . . .

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

The last two limit what the federal government can do, saying that unless the document has specifically granted the government a power, then everything else is assumed to belong to the state government or retained by the people.  Again, not granting anything, only stating that the Federal government cannot remove them without specific authority.

So who has rights in this country? And from where do they emanate?

1.  According to The Yankee Group, 53% of all cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in quality transmission. Sixty percent of all cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in having professional personnel. Suppose 300 cable households are randomly contacted.

(a) What is the probability that more than 175 cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in quality transmission?

 

(b) What is the probability that between 164 and 168 (inclusive) cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in quality transmission?

 

(c) What is the probability that between 153 and 170 (inclusive) cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in having professional personnel?

 

(d) What is the probability that fewer than 201 cable households rate cable companies as good or excellent in having professional personnel?

 

 

2. According to the government of Manitoba, the average hourly wages are as follows: Alberta: $22.02, Ontario: $20.18, British Columbia: $20.05.

 

a. Suppose 36 workers are selected randomly from across Alberta and asked what their hourly wage is. What is the probability that the sample average will be between $21 and $22?

 

b. Suppose 34 manufacturing workers are selected randomly from across Ontario. What is the probability that the sample average will exceed $23?

 

c. Suppose 47 manufacturing workers are selected randomly from across British Columbia. What is the probability that the sample average will be less than $18.60? Assume that in all three provinces, the standard deviation of hourly wages is $3.

 

 

3. A study about strategies for competing in the global marketplace states that 52% of the respondents agreed that companies need to make direct investments in foreign countries. It also states that about 70% of those responding agree that it is attractive to have a joint venture to increase global competitiveness. Suppose CEOs of 95 manufacturing companies are randomly contacted about global strategies.

 

(a) What is the probability that between 45 and 51 (inclusive) CEOs agree that companies should make direct investments in foreign countries?

 

(b) What is the probability that more than 57 CEOs agree with that assertion?

 

(c) What is the probability that fewer than 59 CEOs agree that it is attractive to have a joint venture to increase global competitiveness?

 

(d) What is the probability that between 53 and 61 (inclusive) CEOs agree with that assertion?