Introduction to Criminology– Week 2 Assignment

NCVS vs. UCR
Currently, criminologists in the United States primarily utilize two methods for collecting crime data; The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These two data sources are heavily relied upon when studying crime rates and trends. The UCR and the NCVS provide different data, and in our textbook, in Chapter 2 there is a plethora of information regarding the UCR and the NCVS and how each is used, their validity, and possible future implications on how crime data is collected.

Scenario:

You are a lieutenant working for The Big Deal Security Company, which has seen exponential growth over the last few years.  The owner of the company is looking to expand the business and would like you to create a proposal by comparing two cities in two different states.  When evaluating the two cities, keep in mind that some of the current employees will relocate, and the boss would like you to develop a proposal on which of the two cities would be a better choice to raise a family.

For your proposal, you will need to use the information from both the UCR and the NCVS.

Directions:

1.    First, choose two different states then pick a city in each of these states that you believe The Big Deal Security Company could open another successful office.

a.    For example Dallas, Texas and Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

2.    Second, go to the Uniform Crime Report website https://ucrdatatool.gov/Search/Crime/Local/JurisbyJuris.cfm?NoVariables=Y&CFID=164098445&CFTOKEN=8fcedd547fb325e4-931B6E2B-C17B-6840-57801D6FA0F2A580

3.    Once on the website, select the first state you have chosen in the drop down box then click the Next button

For my example, I selected Dallas.

4.    Now in the drop-down box labeled (a. Choose an agency) find the law enforcement agency in the city you have selected.

a.    For my example, I selected Dallas Police Department; I could have chosen the Dallas County Sheriff’s Department if I was going move business to the county.

5.    Now go to the drop-down box on the right labeled (b. Choose one or more variable groups) – Hold down the shift key and select Number of violent crimes and Number of property crimes and then click on the button labeled – Get Table.

6.    Review the information on the table for the total number of aggravated assaults and the total number of burglaries – write down this information to use later.  Repeat this process for the second city and state you chose.

a.     ***Make sure the “Choose one or more population groups” is on “ALL.”

7.    Once you are done, click on the link below, which will take you to the National Crime Victimization website. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv14.pdf

8.    Now scroll down until you Find Table 4 and write down the number of burglaries and aggravated assaults reported in 2014.

9.    Now you are ready to evaluate the crime rate for burglaries and aggravated assaults in the two cities selected, to help you complete your proposal as to which city would be a more favorable location for the new office.

Instructions for your proposal:

1.    Include these elements in your proposal paper:

2.    A title page – get creative on your title page (background and border), but make sure to include the title of your presentation, your name, and the date

3.    Starting on the second page of your proposal

Part 1:

·         Introduce the two states selected and why the two cities within these states would make a great location to expand The Big Deal Security Company.

Part 2:

·         Demonstrate your understanding of the statistical data collected from the UCR and how it differs from the NCVS (where is the data for each of these databases derived from).

·         Compare the violent crime rate (aggravated assaults) and the property crime rate (burglaries) you collected from both the Uniform Crime Report and the National Victimization Survey on both cities.

Part 3:

·         Describe the possible effects the information in the UCR and the NCVS may have on a community (e.g., business and population growth, schools, and law enforcement).

·         Explain the different demographics of each city you are comparing (e.g., population, resources, and unemployment rate).

·         Clarify why you would or why you would not move the company to each one of the cities you have researched (give specific examples).   

Part 4:

·         State why it is essential for crime data to be available to the public and its usefulness.

Part 5:

·         References

(This page is the very last one in your proposal; it stands alone at the end of your paper, and only contains the references for your document).

A detailed explanation of how to cite a source using APA can be found here.

Download an example

View your assignment rubric

 

In the American criminal justice system, defendants are afforded a presumption of innocence, and this requires prosecutors to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. We have all heard the phrase “innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.” This is entirely true, and even though the burden is placed on proof of guilt, defendants are generally required to prove an affirmative defense. It is essential to know that failure to establish an affirmative defense does not automatically mean the defendant is guilty. The prosecutor still needs to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt regardless of the outcome on an affirmative defense. Self-defense is an example of a justification affirmative defense and is used in many cases such as murder and domestic battery. Claiming self-defense means that you are justifying the force applied on the other party was necessary to protect yourself from an attempted injury.

Another example is known as criminal insanity, and this is known as an excuse affirmative defense. This is where the defendant claims a mental defect or disease that, as understood in most states, makes it impossible for a person to know what he or she is doing or to know that what they are doing is wrong. Depending on the situation, these defensives may relieve the person from their criminal responsibility.

Part II

I believe this exception is unreasonable. My opinion merely comes from the fact that to invoke a duress defense the defendant must typically satisfy three elements. First, they must face “an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury. Second, they must possess “a well-grounded fear that the threat will be carried out. Third, the defendant must enjoy no reasonable opportunity to escape the threatened harm (Shankland, 2009). I believe if the situation meets those three criteria’s, human survival instinct steps in and unfortunately bad things happen sometimes.

respond this to discussion question in 200 words no references in your own words

 

1.)Show and explain the stepsto Find the range of r(x) if given the function r(x)=5x+2/x-1

Find the range of h(x)=2x+1/x-3

 

1.)Given f(x)=6x^4-10x^3-4x^2

a)State the degree of the given function

b)Find all the zeros of the function and state its graph crosses or touches the x-axis at the zero.

c)Use the sign table to determine  the intervals where graph of y=f(x) lies above the x –axis and where f(x) lies below the x-axis.

d)Sketch the graph of f(x)

 

2)Given p(x)=x^3(2x+1)(x-1)^4

a)State the degree of the given function

b)Find the y-intercept of p(x)

c)Find all zeroes of the function

d)Give the multiplicity of all zeroes (x-intercepts) and state if the graph crosses or touches at the zeroes

e)State the intervals where the graph of p(x) lie above the x-axis

3.)Let f(x)= 1-x^2 if x< equal to 0

                     2x+1 if x >0

A)Evaluate f(-2) and f(1)

b)Sketch the graph

 

4.)Given -|x| if -2< than equal to 1

-x^2 if 1<x<2

if x> equal to 2

Find  a)g(1)b)g(5)

c)domain of g(x)

sketch the graph of g(x)

 

 5.)Given f(x)= -1 if -2<x< equal to 1

Square root x (put x only under the square root)-1 if 1<x<4

3-x if x> equal to 4

 

 Find:a) f(6)

 b)f(-2)

 c)f(1)

 d)Domain of f(x)

 What points to use to Sketch the graph of f(x)

 

 5)state the transformations applied to the graph of f(x)=|x| to obtain the graph of g(x)=-2|x-3|+1

 ii)Sketch the graph.Show and label at least 3 points of transformations used to draw your graph.

 

 Consider the polynomial p(x)=2x^3+x^2-13x+6

a)Show using synthetic division that x=2 is a zero of p(x) (b)then factorize the quotient in a to find the other zeros of p(x)

c)Find the y intercept

f)Sketch the graph

 

A research project was conducted to study whether gender plays a role in the acceptance of a student into vocational education programs. A random sample of 200 applicants for vocaional education was selected from a school district. The data were then summarized into table shown below.

 

What are the odds of acceptance for females? 

A) 45/35 

B) 45/80 

C) 35/80 

D) 45/200 

Predictor Coef Se COEF T P

Constant -21.04 16.00 -.1.32 0.205

X1 0.566 0.1475 3.84 0.001

S=3.98537 R=SQ=45.0% R=SQ (ADJ)=42.0%

Using the above regression output, what would be the predicted value of y for x = 20? 

A) -21.04 

B) 0.5666 

C) 32.37 

D) -9.71 

 

26. Select the most appropriate statistical test for each of the following:

 

We test the IQ of a random sample of children of women smokers to see if their mean IQ is lower than the national mean IQ of 100. 

A) 1 Proportion Test 

B) 1 mean test with a one-sided alternative 

C) 1 mean test with a two-sided alternative 

D) Two-sample t-test with a one-sided alternative 

E) Two-sample t-test with a two-sided alternative 

F) Chi-square test 

G) One-Way ANOVA test 

H) Regression 

Select the most appropriate statistical test for each of the following:

 

We examine a random sample of State College apartments to see on average how much rent increases per unit increase of square footage: 

A) 1 Proportion Test 

B) 1 mean test with a one-sided alternative 

C) 1 mean test with a two-sided alternative 

D) Two-sample t-test with a one-sided alternative 

E) Two-sample t-test with a two-sided alternative 

F) Chi-square test 

G) One-Way ANOVA test 

H) Regression 

Select the most appropriate statistical test for each of the following:

 

We take random samples of African-American, White, Asian, and Hispanic workers to determine if mean earnings differ among these groups: 

A) 1 Proportion Test 

B) 1 mean test with a one-sided alternative 

C) 1 mean test with a two-sided alternative 

D) Two-sample t-test with a one-sided alternative 

E) Two-sample t-test with a two-sided alternative 

F) Chi-square test 

G) One-Way ANOVA test 

H) Regression

 

29. Select the most appropriate statistical test for each of the following:

 

We want to test for a relationship between race and employment status (employed or unemployed): 

A) 1 Proportion Test 

B) 1 mean test with a one-sided alternative 

C) 1 mean test with a two-sided alternative 

D) Two-sample t-test with a one-sided alternative 

E) Two-sample t-test with a two-sided alternative 

F) Chi-square test 

G) One-Way ANOVA test 

H) Regression 

Select the most appropriate statistical test for each of the following:

 

We test if the average age of marriage for women in the United States is different from 27. 

A) 1 Proportion Test 

B) 1 mean test with a one-sided alternative 

C) 1 mean test with a two-sided alternative 

D) Two-sample t-test with a one-sided alternative 

E) Two-sample t-test with a two-sided alternative 

F) Chi-square test 

G) One-Way ANOVA test 

H) Regression 

 

 Starbucks Case Study

Read the three articles noted below about an actual union-organizing effort involving Starbucks in New York City: Use the link for the case.

• Judge Says Starbucks Violated Workers’ Rights at NYC Stores
• NLRB Orders Starbucks to Reinstate Two Workers, But Not a Third
• Court Sides With Starbucks In Dispute Over Labor Union Pins

After reading all the articles and considering additional research, address the following questions (feel free to use supplemental authoritative resources in your response):

• Do you think the administrative law judge and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) went too far in overruling Starbucks? Why or why not?
• How much leeway should an employer have in setting standards for conduct, customer interaction, and attire in the workplace?
• Does the NLRB decision unfairly limit Starbucks in the management of the stores? Why or why not?
• What is your view of the court’s decision?

Ensure to provide references.

Attached is a sample work by a student from another school I found on the internet through Coursehero. Please be advice this attachment is just for a guide and note photocopy. Ensure Safe Assign work.

Thanks