Unit2DiscResponses

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Unit2DiscResp1

Response Guidelines

Provide a substantive contribution that advances the discussion in a meaningful way by identifying strengths of the posting, challenging assumptions, and asking clarifying questions. Your response is expected to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Reference your sources using standard APA guidelines. Review the Participation Guidelines section of the Discussion Participation Scoring Guide to gain an understanding of what is required in a substantive response.

Discussion response Peer1 Cait Bahr

While some individuals may not recognize the term descriptive statistics, there is an extremely high probability that they have used, referenced or referred to them while participating in their daily life. Warner (2013) states that descriptive statistics are mainly used to summarize information or numbers from samples. These statistics can be used to find the mean of test scores (if you are a teacher), or for something as simple as political polling during an election period (Warner, 2013). While there are appropriate times and ways to utilize descriptive statistics, there are also times when descriptive statistics should not be used (Warner, 2013). For example, if researchers are trying to find the side effects of specific medications, they would choose not to use descriptive statistics because they are too generalized (Warner, 2013). If researchers were to use descriptive statistics to find the side effects, the samples could be skewed (Warner, 2013). While there are limitations to descriptive statistics (ie. medicine, research studies, etc.) it can still be extremely beneficial for people who work in certain professions (Warner, 2013). 

Speaking from experience, I use descriptive statistics quite frequently after grading my student’s exams and assignments. It is interesting to add up all of the student’s scores (mean) and see how they compared to prior tests or against other classes. Finding the mean of the exams also allows the students to see how they are doing overall. While I currently use descriptive statistics in my job, I know my future career with undoubtedly requires the use of descriptive statistics too. After graduating with my MA in Psychology with a specialization in ABA, I am going to take the BCBA certification test. If everything goes as planned, then I will be a board certified behavior analyst. As a BCBA, I will be recording data and will be responsible for conducting behavioral assessments. I would definitely be able to utilize descriptive statistics while recording frequency or duration data. Using descriptive statistics to find the means of duration and frequency data will be useful for not only myself but for other teachers and parents to see how the students are performing behaviorally. 

    In my previous experience, aside from work, I have seen descriptive statistics predominately during the US Presidential Election. Every time I turned on the news there were always polls or statistics depicting the possible outcome of the Presidency based on samples. While this was interesting to see then, I now realize that these polls had limitations and were too generalized.  

Reference

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied Statistics From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oakes, CA: SAGE Publications.

Discussion Response Peer2 Teddrick

I have encountered descriptive statistics various times throughout my undergraduate career, and a handful of times during my post undergrad classes. When I majored in Neuroscience, we would often deal lightly with descriptive statistics when writing lab reports or research papers for biology, chemistry, and physics. Typically this involved putting data into Microsoft Excel and creating a line graph detailing how two variables were related. Last quarter, in my Tests and Measurements course, I came across a couple of different journal articles using descriptive statistics to evaluate individuals with various psychological disorders.            

Descriptive statistics is defined as a form of statistics dedicated solely to summarizing information about a particular sample (Warner, 2012). Unlike inferential statistics, the information gathered from descriptive statistics cannot be generalized to a larger population, which could be considered a limitation (Warner, 2012). The use of descriptive statistics also runs the risk of losing vital information related to the data (“Descriptive Statistics,” 2006). For example, knowing a participant’s heart rate does not tell us about important factors that could contribute to the heart rate, such as stress level and physical fitness. However, descriptive statistics is particularly useful for summarizing a large amount of data and making it easier to understand, as well as to make comparisons (“Descriptive Statistics,” 2006).           

In the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) and ABA therapy, behavior analysts often utilize descriptive statistics to portray a client’s progress during therapy. For example, if a target of therapy is to reduce the amount of tantrums a child engages in, we might take data before the intervention, and then several times while the intervention is being implemented. The data lets us know whether the intervention is successful. Furthermore, data taken by observation can also give clues as to when a tantrum is more likely to occur (e.g. time of day, before or after an activity). I am sure that, when I become a behavior analyst, I will utilize descriptive statistics often in order to summarize data for families to understand the effect that a certain intervention has on their child’s behavior. 

References

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariate techniques, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Descriptive Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2017, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php

Unit2DiscResp2

Response Guidelines

Provide a substantive contribution that advances the discussion in a meaningful way by identifying strengths of the posting, challenging assumptions, and asking clarifying questions. Your response is expected to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Reference your sources using standard APA guidelines. Review the Participation Guidelines section of the Discussion Participation Scoring Guide to gain an understanding of what is required in a substantive response.

Discussion Response Peer1 (Teddrick)

What is a confidence interval? According to the reading material assigned in the course, it is a range (top and bottom) value to the set of numbers to address the mean of the population giving the researcher an idea of the probability or level of confidence (Warner, 2013). Upon more research regarding this, I was better to understand that a confidence interval is basically to estimate the mean of a population. The confidence interval focuses on this by providing the range of values, scores or numbers that may be contained in the population of interest (Horrell, Michelson, McCormack, & Prins, 2012).What I am putting together with this is that if we have a group of grades from an entire school district, the confidence interval is going to be a pool of those grades to give us the mean for the students in that school district. This would be a level of confidence for the research to say that the sample pulled from the entire population would represent the entire pool on the graph created showing those numbers or scores.Why does the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association strongly recommend the inclusion of CI’s in study results? It is strongly suggested to include CI’s in study results and reporting so that there is enough information for whom ever is reading to be able to understand what they are reading. The reader should be able to recognize and understand the basics of the analyses, come up with some estimates and summaries from the information that is provided. It was also suggested that when a study includes the use of graphs or table that includes a reference of a mean or slopes, which it does need to include the confidence interval (Association, 2010). It really seems that they important factor with including the confidence intervals in any report is because it is a really good way to get across the results of a study in a visual manner, due to showing the effect and size of the study, showing where the mean of the sample is, and if that sample is skewed or is “normal” by the shape of the slopes (Association, 2010).

ReferencesAssociation, A. P. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Horrell, K., Michelson, D., McCormack, D., & Prins, J. (2012, April). NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods. Retrieved from http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied Statistics: From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Discussion Response Peer2 (Cait)

Confidence intervals (CI) are used to derive or estimate information given from a sample (Warner, 2013). Additionally, CI’s are also utilized to find the mean or values of samples (Warner, 2013). In many instances, CI’s can be used to estimate a population mean, probability and will determine the lower and upper limit (mean) of values from samples and/or data (Warner, 2013). While CI’s are completely appropriate to use when finding the sample mean, the value of a population or Pearsons r, it is important to remember that CI’s should not be used to generalize an entire population (Warner, 2013). 

     In the article, The Use of Confidence Intervals as a Meta-Analytic Lens to Summarize the Effects of Teacher Education Technology Courses on Preservice Teacher TPACK, the researchers used CI’s to find the mean of teaching technology (TKTT) in a University classroom (Young, Young & Hamilton, 2013). Specifically, Young et al., (2013) used CI’s to summarize their quantitative TPAK data to determine the value of the samples and find the mean of the scores. Using CI’s in this article, provided an excellent example of why researchers would use CI’s in statistical analysis. In short, the main goal of using CI’s in this type of study would be to create data that could determine the means of achievement, summarize the data (based on the samples) and estimate the means of the sample population (Young et al., 2013). 

     CI’s were said to be extremely useful in Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The APA manual stated that CI’s should be used to determine major outcomes in statistics (Warner, 2013). By using CI’s, the APA manual believes that researchers will be able to obtain many sample statistics and effect sizes (Warner, 2013). Additionally, it was also stated that CI’s should be used for sample means (Warner, 2013). However, while CI’s can be incredibly beneficial, it is important to remember that they should never be used to make inferences about the general population as a whole, as that data would be too generalized and not entirely accurate (Warner, 2013).                                        

Reference                                                                                                     

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied Statistics From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oakes, CA: SAGE Publications. 

Young, J. R., Young, J. L., & Hamilton, C. (2013). The Use of Confidence Intervals as a Meta-Analytic Lens to Summarize the Effects of Teacher Education Technology Courses on Preservice Teacher TPACK. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 46(2), 149-172.

Psychology

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Assignment 1: Social Psychology

Due by the due date assigned. Complete your participation for this assignment through the end of the module.

Consider these examples from a typical, large suburban high school.

  1. Kelly is a sophomore who attends a meeting of the all-male robotics club. She says she has an interest in joining the club and working on building a robot for an upcoming competition. The male members of the club snicker at her and one boy puts his foot out and “accidently” trips Kelly in the aisle. The male teacher in the room tells the boys to settle down, but he also tells Kelly that he isn’t sure she would have the necessary skills for the club, since the other members have all had several years experience building robots. “After all,” he said, “you were probably playing with dolls for all the years these boys were building things and experimenting with electronics.”
  2. John is an artistic, intelligent boy who is not interested in sports or other “typical” male pursuits. He enjoys writing fiction and poetry for the school newspaper. When he gets on the school bus no one will share a seat with him. He ends up standing and a group of students in the back of the bus harass and heckle him, calling him homophobic slurs.
  3. In the teachers’ lounge, a group of Caucasian teachers huddle around the water cooler gossiping about why one of their fellow teachers, an Asian-American woman, was promoted to assistant principle over other teachers with more years of experience. “I know she has a master’s degree, but I still think this is clearly an affirmative action thing—they just want to get more minorities in administration. They don’t care about who is really qualified, and that’s all there is to it.” 

Select one of the examples above that you feel illustrates prejudiced attitudes. Answer the following:

  1. What elements of this scenario make it an example of prejudice? 
  2. Is there also discrimination present? 
  3. Is there stereotyping in this example? 
  4. Explain why the predjudice is occurring using the following terms: Social categorization, in-group, out-group, and ingroup-bias.
  5. Based on your readings, what type of intervention could help to reduce prejudice in a situation like this?

Please be sure you address each question, using terms and concepts from your text. A good initial discussion response should be at least 150–250 words in length.

SOCW-6302/6500-WK2-Response-2

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Respond to a colleague’s post in one of the following ways:

 

·      Expand upon your colleague’s post regarding ways that the IRB’s ethical guidelines may impact his or her study.
 

·      Explain an insight you gained from this week’s Resources that addresses a topic in your colleague’s post.

 

Please use the resources to support your post.

 

***need to be 1/2 page with a minium of 1 reference***

 

Colleague: Jennifer

 

 “Risks to human subjects associated with participation in research are an important consideration in the design of studies” and all practices must adhere to the ethical regulations including justice, beneficence, and respect for all persons (Labott and Johnson, 2004, pg. 11; Walden Univ.). Walden Universities Institutional Review Board (IRB) impacts the research design by ensuring that risks to participants are minimized as well as reasonable in relations to the benefits (Walden Univ).

 

The minimized risks are categorized into six areas of potential harm including: physical, psychological, social, economic, legal, and dignitary (Labott and Johnson, 2004). It is up to the researcher to ensure “study should be designed in the safest manner and procedures should be in place to manage any problems that occur” while focusing on the well-being of the client (Labott and Johnson, 2004, pg. 11). It is also up to the researcher, with the guidance of the IRB, to determine whether or not the risks are considered reasonable in comparison to the benefits (Walden Univ.). If the risks are not considered reasonable in comparison to the benefits of the study the IRB will ask the researcher to modify the study to ensure the safety of its participants (Walden Univ).

 

 

References:

 

Labott, S. M., & Johnson, T. P. (2004). Psychological and social risks of behavioral research. IRB: Ethics & Human Research, 26(3), 11–15. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases

 

Walden University (n.d.). Academic Walden University (n.d.). Academic Guides: Research Ethics & Compliance: Welcome from the IRB. Retrieved December 9, 2016 from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcenter/orec

Blinded by the Light—S.O.L.E.R

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In this assignment, you will learn about and practice the skill of effective listening. To do this, you will listen not only with your ears but also with your eyes and body. You will begin to understand the importance of posture and eye contact to the active listening process by practicing this skill and critically analyzing your experience of this practice.

A common acronym among the helping professions for practicing effective listening is S.O.L.E.R. This stands for the following:

  • Squarely face the person.
  • Open your posture.
  • Lean toward the sender.
  • Eye contact maintained.
  • Relax while attending.

Tasks:

It would be a good idea to review the basic attending skills video before you begin this assignment. After you have completed the attending skills video exercises, practice the SOLER skills described above with a partner at home or work. You are to engage in a fifteen-minute conversation where you are primarily the listener. Practice each of the S.O.L.E.R skills. Ask your partner for feedback on how this conversation was different from other conversations you have had with him or her. Next, switch roles. Introduce the concept of S.O.L.E.R to your partner and have him or her try it with you. See what you can observe and compare it to your experience as the listener. The attending skills video has some examples of this type of conversation and follow-up feedback session that should help you better understand what you are being asked to do. Post this feedback and your experience of the conversation to the Discussion Area.

In your response, answer the following questions:

  • Which one of the S.O.L.E.R skills was the most difficult and why?
  • What were the greatest obstacles to listening you found in the exercise? Why?
  • How were your observations and experiences reflective of or contrary to research on active listening that you have found in professional literature?
  • How might you improve your listening skills going forward?

Submission Details post your responses in at least 3–4 paragraphs to this Discussion Area. Your response should rely upon at least two sources from professional literature. This may include the Argosy University online library resources, relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, or .gov). Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA format); and use accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

help

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Consider the position of modern skepticism. Descartes gave birth to Matrix-type theories in his question “How do we know that we are not now dreaming?” According to Descartes, we know because God would never be so cruel as to leave us trapped in an endless dream, but let’s say that he is (or that divinity isn’t involved in this matter or doesn’t exist).

What would you do if you found out that you have been in a coma for all of what you know to be your entire life? What if everything you remember is part of an elaborate dream? Would you do anything differently? If you were offered a chance to wake up, would you? Why or why not?

Post your response in at least four sentences.

Respond to another student’s post in at least three sentences.

 

 

a student respond

If I were to discover that my whole life I was really in a coma the entire time and everything I have experienced up to this part of my life was a dream, I would be very disappointed. To discover that my whole life “was a lie” such as my memories, the lessons I’ve learned, and the people that have made an impact in my life; that discovery would make me feel helpless. I would feel helpless knowing that there is absolutely nothing I can do to change the fact that my whole life was a dream. It would infuriate me knowing that the fact that the entire time I had absolutely no control over the situation. Knowing that I was in the dark about the fact that I was living in a dream would make me feel cheated. If I were offered a chance to wake up I would accept that chance. There is always room for improvement and knowing that I have a second chance to gain justice and reedem myself from the fact that my entire life was a lie, I would. Who knows maybe my second chance at doing my whole life over again would actually be to my benefit. I would know not to make the same mistakes twice, through the knowlege I acquired from my past experiences/past-life.

Prosocial Behavior

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Much of what we tend to focus on when we study social psychology are topics that often have a negative connotation such as conformity, prejudice, aggression or obedience. A huge component of the study of social psychology; however, focuses on prosocial behavior – behaviors that focus on compassion and helping others. For this activity, you will focus on this more uplifting aspect of social psychology. Topics that fall under the area of prosocial behavior include altruism, helping, bystander intervention, empathy, and compassion, among others. 

For this exercise, pick one day and seek to structure your thoughts and behaviors entirely around helping others. With each interaction or action you take, pause to think and ask yourself “is there a way I might help another here?” Hold a door for someone, offer your seat, share a smile, give a sincere compliment, show empathy to another, attempt to be more patient or understanding, etc. Your efforts should be in social settings that involve interactions with others (rather than something such as donating to a charity for instance). The goal is to be as thoughtfully prosocial in your interactions throughout the day as possible. 

  • At the beginning of the day, jot down your general mood, feelings, attitude, etc. 
  • Then throughout the day, whenever possible, carry a small notebook with you or make notes in an app on your phone to jot down meaningful encounters or experiences as you attempt to engage in prosocial behaviors. 
  • At the end of the day, again reflect and take notes on how you feel, your general mood, feelings and attitudes, etc.
     

In a 5-7 slide PowerPoint presentation, not counting title or reference slides: 

  • Summarize your experience. Describe the prosocial behaviors you engaged in, others’ reactions to these behaviors, and your assessment of any changes in mood, attitude, good fortune, or anything else of note you experienced. 
  • Review what you have learned about human behavior in social settings this week in your readings and CogBooks activities. Connect what you learned or experienced through your day of conscious, prosocial behavior with the terms, concepts, and theories from your research. Integrate at least two academic sources (your assigned readings/resources can comprise one of these sources), citing any references used in APA format. 
  • Describe any new insights you gained through this experience about your interactions with others on a daily basis, including any behaviors you wish to change or to continue. 
  • Use the features of PowerPoint to your advantage to communicate your ideas – include pictures, audio recorded narration, speaker’s notes, video, links, etc. as appropriate to enhance your ideas.
  • Include an APA formatted title slide and reference slide. APA components such as an abstract, headings, etc. are not required since this is a PowerPoint presentation.

Submit your presentation as an attachment in the Week 7 Assignment Prosocial Behavior link in the Assignments area of the classroom no later than 11:55 pm EST Sunday of Week 7.

Assignment 3: Recognizing and Projecting Trends in I/O Psychology

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Assignment 3: Recognizing and Projecting Trends in I/O Psychology

Consider the trends discussed in the required readings for this module along with relevant learning from your courses throughout the MAIO program. Further, using the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, choose one of the thirteen research areas suggested in the required reading article by Cascio and Aguinis (2008). Then, respond to the following:

·         Explain how societal events over this century have shaped the field of I/O psychology in general and your chosen research area specifically.

·         Identify trends you expect to emerge within the field of I/O psychology generally and your chosen research area specifically in the next ten years. Explain and support your predictions with evidence from scholarly literature.

·         Describe competencies you think will be especially important for an I/O professional for these future trends. Justify your reasoning for the importance of these competencies.

Your final product will be a 3- to 5-page Microsoft Word document written in APA format and utilizing at least three sources from professional literature. Professional literature may include the Argosy University online library resources, relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, and .gov). Your paper should be written in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Reference:

Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2008). Research in industrial and organizational

           psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Journal

           of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1062-1081. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.

           1062

Submission Details:

·         , save your document as LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc and submit it to theM1 Assignment 3 Dropbox.

Assignment 3 Grading Criteria

Maximum Points

Explain how societal events over this century have shaped the field of I/O psychology in general and your chosen research area specifically.

24

Identify trends you expect to emerge within the field of I/O psychology generally, and your chosen research area specifically, in the next ten years. Explain and support your predictions with evidence from scholarly literature.

28

Describe competencies you think will be especially important for an I/O professional for these future trends. Justify your reasoning for the importance of these competencies.

28

Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

20

Total:

  

 

 

1 Psychology discussion response

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I only need 2 to 3 sentences and a reference to the statement below. 

 

 

EL  Experiential Therapy is “a therapeutic approach that encourages patients to identify and address hidden or subconscious issues through activities such as role playing, guided imagery, the use of props, and a range of other active experiences” (Hurst, 2015).  I believe that this form of therapy would be beneficial for Debbie and her family.  Individual and family counseling is a great idea for this family, that way, the family dynamic can come together to help Debbie and become stronger.  Experiential therapy is not like the traditional forms of talk therapy, it is more interactive, involves actions, activities and movement.  This form of therapy would allow the therapist to view a person when they are not immersed in themselves or their own problems, the therapist can observe each member of the family in different situations where they let their guard down.  Debbie states that she often thinks of committing suicide, this is not something to take lightly and needs to be addressed.  Debbie’s actions (or lack of actions) are cries for help that need immediate attention from everyone involved.  

           If I were the therapist working with Debbie and her parents I would believe that there are a number of problems facing this family.  I would not put any of the problems ahead of another (suicidal thoughts excluded), as to not minimize the importance of each individual’s strife and anxiety. I would however start by focusing on problems that can bring them closer together, one being their lack of family communication.  There are different ways to communicate that affects this family, listening, verbal communication, non-verbal communication, emotional awareness, and written communication (Schmitz, 2017). This family needs to spend time talking, listening and learning from each other in a safe zone where no one judges nor interrupts.  This family needs to communicate on multiple levels and learn that if one communication type does not garner the appropriate response, that there are other avenues to travel towards.  Each member of this family deserves to speak their truth and to be heard.  I would strategically start with dad.  For one, starting with Debbie would spend a great chunk, if not all of the session on her.  Not that it is not important, but in family therapy, they all need to feel important.  Debbie needs to hear her father and get to know more of him.  Debbie’s father works multiple jobs in order to care for his family.  In order to maintain a home and provide food for his family, he has sacrificed a part of himself for his family.  Debbie would benefit from getting to know her dad on a different level.  Debbie’s mother would be next to express herself and share her emotions with her family.  This family would benefit from getting to know each other.  Debbie’s mother wants her to be a doctor.  This a great goal for a parent to have for their child, but if this path is going to be encouraged, the child would need to want to attain this goal for themselves, not for their parents.  Debbie does not want to be a doctor; mom is not paying attention to what her child wants or doesn’t want. 

           I believe that Gestalt Therapy would help this family understand and accept one another.  In gestalt therapy,” context affects experience, and a person cannot be fully understood without understanding his or her context” (goodtherapy.org, 2017).  This family needs to change the course that they are on.  First, they would need to accept where they are and know that they cant change what has happened, but they can accept what has occurred and work together to create a better path for everyone.  Animal assisted therapy can also be beneficial for this family.  This family does not seem to have a bond or connection to each other aside from having the same last name.  Having a dog or per to care for can help this family in multiple facets.  “Animal-assisted therapy involves interacting with animals to help treat issues including depression” (healthline.com, 2017). This form of therapy can give this family something that they can all feel connected to.  Petting an animal can “cause your brain to release chemicals that create feelings of well being” (healthline.com, 2017).  Having a pet can also help Debbie have a sense of purpose. 

References

Goodtherapy.org (April 10, 2017). Gestalt Therapy.  Retrieved on April 23 2017 from: http://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/gestalt-therapy

Healthline.com (2017).  Animal-Assisted Therapy for Depression.  Retrieved on April 23, 2017 from: http://www.healthline.com/health/depression/animal-assisted-therapy#overview1

Hurst, Michael (2015). Experiential Therapy What Is It? Retrieved on April 23, 2017 from: http://www.crchealth.com/types-of-therapy/what-is-experiential-therapy/

Schmitz, Mike (2017). 6 Types of Communication. Retrieved on April 23, 2017 from: https://www.conovercompany.com/6-types-of-communication/

 

response

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Digital technology has a great impact on the self esteem of adolescents. When digital technology and adolescent come to mind, I instantly tie that to social media. I would like to use how social media has positive and negative effects on adolescents today. To start, I will begin with personal experience. I know as I hit my adolescent years and digital technology was starting to really take off, my self esteem was impacted in a good way. This was right around the time in my era of when selfies began. I’m sure most know, selfies are just pictures someone is taking of themselves. I recall capturing as many selfies as I could to get the perfect one, that way I could post it to my Myspace account and wait for my friends to comment how cute it was. 

Now, for one advantage of how digital technology has for an adolescents self esteem is just as I described in my situation as a teen. Of course anyones confidence will have a boost when being complimented on how nice they look on the web. Especially for adolescents because opinions during those years are crucial and taken as literal as possible, usually. This could really brightened an adolescents day and make them feel good about themselves.

One disadvantage would be the same situation but a different result. An adolescent can post a photo of themselves with all the confidence in the world at that time. The moment someone says something mean or nasty, expressing being uninterested in the photo this can lead to negative effects. By negative effects this could result in feeling less than others, lack of self esteem, sadness or embarrassment. Those few examples could lead to an adolescents thoughts of themselves altering making them not want to pubicly display themselves ago. Of course we all also know that small forms of cyberbullying or trolling can lead to much worse things.

The self esteem of an adolescent is very important because around those years of age, we need to make adolescents feel as confident internally as much as possible so that they being confident adults within society as well.

There was a research study formulated to find out if Internet addiction has any correlation between self esteem, loneliness and depression. The study was made up of two hundred and ninety two students who did their first term of school in years 2009-2010 in Trabzon. The Rosenberg self esteem scale was one was methods of data collection used for the study. It was found that depression, loneliness and self esteem all worked together as an effect of Internet addiction but that self esteem being effected was the least applicable out of the three. Self esteem was not a significant predictor. Horzum (2013)

AYAS, T., & HORZUM, M. B. (2013). RELATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION, LONELINESS, SELF-ESTEEM AND INTERNET ADDICTION. Education, 133(3), 283-290.

Discussion Response

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Original Question:

 

The Role of Love in Personality Theory

 

Forum Assignment for the Week:

 

Choose at least three (3) different theoretical perspectives that have been covered in this course to date and discuss how the construct of love is conceptualized by each theoretical framework. How is love defined? What role does it have in development and the human condition? Which view appeals to you the most? Why?

 

Reply to the following response with 200 words minimum.  (please make response as if having a conversation, respond directly to some of the statements in below post.)

 

 

 

While there are many theories that deal with the concepts of love and how interpersonal interactions (or lack thereof) affect our ability to love, I think the three that struck me the most during our course came from Rollo May, Erich Fromm, and Abraham Maslow.

 

Rollo May posited five different types of love from an existentialist point of view: sex (lustful or pleasure-seeking), eros (procreative love), agape (unselfish love that stems from devotion or wellbeing of another), philia (brotherly love or liking), and authentic love (encompasses all the other 4 types of love).  May noted that will and love must be intertwined for an individual to fully experience authentic love – if will isn’t present during love for another, it may not be long-lasting or meaningful.

 

Erich Fromm, from a humanistic approach, offers his stance on love as being an art – it requires knowledge, effort, and experience to not only love others, but love oneself as well. He also stressed that love allows us to still be individualistic in our personality and characteristics, but that love also keeps us from isolation. This is especially important, as love will continue to develop as our personalities and interactions continue throughout our lives.

 

Abraham Maslow’s pyramid of needs included love as the third rung, after food and order. When those two needs have been established and tended to, love can begin to take hold in an individual. His concepts of “B-love” and “D-love” are extremely interesting. B-love refers to “being love” – the unselfish, unconditional love that comes after one has self-actualized and can take on the care and concern of others. They can help their partners also reach self-actualization, which further fulfills their need to love. D-love, or deficiency love, is needy, selfish, and immature. It’s difficult for D-lovers to truly love another individual, as they are stunted in their quest for self-discovery and actualization.

 

While I think all of these theories have valid, strong points, I think of Maslow’s B-love and D-love categories as the most impactful. It makes sense that if an individual is comfortable in their own skin, which includes the difficult task of loving oneself, only then can they truly give unselfish and unconditional love to another being. All of these theories involve a certain level of maturity (emotional, psychological, etc.), which comes from continuous interaction with others and the development of a healthy personality.